EFFECT OF MODERNIZATION AND TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT ON CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY Cultural and economic values are one of managing elements of economic reality. Two models of economic reality show mutual dependence of the element “values” and other basic elements through the feedback existing between them that provides cyclical changes of fundamental elements. Namely, that happens as a result of a side influence of activity and of differences between a wish and a result. Value guidelines cannot change itself inside the sphere of values because this sphere is directed into the sphere of existence. The most important way of correction of own value guidelines and value positions in consequence of perception of results of own activity is a change of value scales (Yakovets, 2022). Values influence directly any form of economic coordination because the higher rank of value modalities (signifying which carrier is a good) not only defines a perception of higher value qualities by potential users but also changes a way of use and correlation of scarcity of goods and services in general (Inglehart & Baker, 2000; Gaweł , 2010; Čábelková & Strielkowski, 2023: Balitskiy et al., 2023; or Novák & Popesko, 2023). The economic reality is being regulated not only by economic laws. Quite often, it is being defined by actions of people through their wishes and choices that form a whole set of economic expectations, social norms, cultural guidelines, and ethic imaginations about “good”. Thence, it is determined by the values formed in the process of historical development of the society. Social and cultural terms of people communities shape up some life order, set moral norms, traditions, kinds of behavior, etc. The complex that determinates the content and direction of social consciousness is called “cultural paradigm” and represents a fundamental vision of society which includes a complex of fundamental perceptions about the society and the individual of this historical period. Each social and historical epoch works out its own specific paradigm. The change of a paradigm goes hand in hand with the reconsideration of values, norms and guidelines, as well as of the system of weltanschauung (a particular philosophy or views of life) of people – a so-called “reevaluation of values”. Millions of people all over the world witness revolutionary in their daily life. The term modernization is used by social scientists to refer to the extensively influential process through which ordinary nations which a less-developed tradition to the more progressive societies. Modern societies enjoy certain features such as urbanization, literacy and industrialization accompanied by highly developed transport system and mass media. As a result, those who live in such modern societies have to shift their commitment from their parents and priests, who were their traditional sources of authorities, to new authorities namely, government officials. 1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM The inappropriate aspect of technologies, which are being offered to less developed countries, can lie within the characterization of production. It could also lay within the type of products, which are not appropriate for consumption in the target countries. This inappropriate aspect can be changed if the less developed countries give a more clear definition of their needs and name those factors, which have to be considered in order to design certain technologies and technological products in accordance with their own country (Ogburn, 1969). Mechanisms have to be developed, which ensure that technological procedures and products in fact meet the needs and demand of the developing countries. An appropriate politics of technology that considers many questions is possible on various development paths. But this politics is set within the conflict of interests of political and economical elite and within the developing countries itself (Chen 1994, 62). From the philosophical point of view the transferred technologies have to be fitted into the current every day culture both considering structures of production and consumption, even if these will sooner or later be transferred by technology transfer in the long run. 1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY The main aim of this study is to examine the influence of modernization and technological advancement on cultural development. Specifically, other objectives of this study are: i. To find out whether modernization has an influence on cultural development. ii. To find out whether technological advancement has an influence on cultural development. iii. To find out the influences of modernization and technological advancement influences on our cultural values. 1.4 RESEARCH QUESTIONS The following research questions will be answered in this study: i. Does modernization have an influence on cultural development? ii. Does technological advancement have an influence on cultural development? iii. What is the influences of modernization and technological advancement influences on our cultural values? 1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES The following null hypotheses will validate this study: H01: Modernization does not have an influence on cultural development. H02: Technological advancement does not have an influence on cultural development. 1.6 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY This study will be greatly significant to the society as the findings of this study will reveal the influence of modernization and technological advancement on cultural development. This study will also benefit the scholars as this study will serve as a pilot study for further research and future reference. 1.7 SCOPE OF THE STUDY This study focuses on the influence of modernization and technological advancement on cultural development. Specifically, this study focuses on finding out whether modernization has an influence on cultural development, finding out whether technological advancement has an influence on cultural development and finding out the influences of modernization and technological advancement influences on our cultural values. The respondents for this study will be obtained from the staff of Federal Ministry of Information and Culture. 1.8 LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY In the course of carrying out this study, the researcher experienced some constraints, which included time constraints, financial constraints, language barriers, and the attitude of the respondents. However, the researcher were able to manage these just to ensure the success of this study. Moreover, the case study method utilized in the study posed some challenges to the investigator including the possibility of biases and poor judgment of issues. However, the investigator relied on respect for the general principles of procedures, justice, fairness, objectivity in observation and recording, and weighing of evidence to overcome the challenges. 1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS Modernization: As a process of social and cultural change, modernization is triggered by industrialization and followed by increased social satisfaction and labor division. Even in absence of industrialization, societies can experience social change. However, modernization is a specific kind of social change which is the result of industrialization. The shift to an industrialization society can bring about both positive and negative outcomes. Technology: By technology, it is meant the cultural information concerning how to make use of the material resources of the environment in order to remove human needs and desire. 1.10 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDIES The study is categorized into five chapters. The first chapter presents the background of the study, statement of the problem, objective of the study, research questions and hypothesis, the significance of the study, scope/limitations of the study, and definition of terms. The chapter two covers the review of literature with emphasis on conceptual framework, theoretical framework, and empirical review. Likewise, the chapter three which is the research methodology, specifically covers the research design, population of the study, sample size determination, sample size, and selection technique and procedure, research instrument and administration, method of data collection, method of data analysis, validity and reliability of the study, and ethical consideration. The second to last chapter being the chapter four presents the data presentation and analysis, while the last chapter(chapter five) contains the summary, conclusion and recommendation.