A STUDY ON THE INFLUENCE OF FAMILY DYNAMICS ON THE EMERGENCE OF EATING DISORDERS IN ADOLESCENTS

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Eating disorders (EDs) are complex psychological conditions marked by abnormal eating habits that can significantly disrupt an individual’s physical health, emotional well-being, and social life (American Psychiatric Association, 2015). Recent studies have shown a rising prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents, with approximately 3% of teenagers affected by conditions such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or binge-eating disorder (Sundbom & Råstam, 2019). Given the many developmental changes that occur during adolescence, it becomes essential to explore the various factors contributing to the onset of these disorders. Family relationships are widely recognized as a key influence in the emergence of eating disorders during adolescence. The home environment consists of several critical elements, including parenting styles, communication patterns, and the overall emotional climate of the household (Keel & Forney, 2016). Research indicates that adolescents who experience negative family dynamics—such as high conflict or limited emotional support—are more likely to develop disordered eating habits (Levine & Murnen, 2019). These behaviors may arise as a way for teenagers to regain a sense of control or in response to family-driven expectations surrounding beauty and weight (Luthar & Becker, 2022). A particularly important aspect of family life is the influence parents have on their children’s views about body image and eating. Parents serve as role models, and their attitudes toward body size and dieting can shape how adolescents view themselves (Culbert et al., 2020). Parental criticism related to weight, for instance, has been linked to increased body dissatisfaction and unhealthy eating behaviors in children (Lowe et al., 2019). Moreover, when parents place a strong emphasis on thinness as a standard of beauty, they may inadvertently encourage disordered eating among adolescents striving to meet these unrealistic ideals (Fulkerson et al., 2019). Family structure also plays a significant role. Adolescents from supportive and cohesive families tend to maintain healthier attitudes towards food and body image. Conversely, those from families marked by conflict and instability are often at greater risk of developing eating disorders (Rosen & LeMoult, 2016). The quality of the parent-child relationship is particularly critical—positive, nurturing interactions can serve as a protective factor, while strained or distant relationships may push adolescents toward maladaptive coping mechanisms like disordered eating (Bulik et al., 2021). Although considerable research has been done on the link between family dynamics and the development of eating disorders, there are still gaps in fully understanding the exact mechanisms through which these dynamics operate. Some studies also highlight the role of media and cultural expectations in amplifying the influence of the family, indicating that these factors often work together rather than in isolation (Bardone-Cone & Cass, 2016). Due to the complex and multifaceted nature of this relationship, a comprehensive approach is needed to explore the interplay between family environment, social influences, and adolescent eating disorders. This study, therefore, aims to investigate the role of family dynamics in the development of eating disorders among adolescents. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The growing prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents has become a major public health concern globally (Bulik et al., 2021). Family dynamics are a crucial factor in either mitigating or increasing the risk of developing these disorders, as elements such as parenting methods, communication styles, and the overall nature of family relationships can greatly influence adolescent behavior (Keenan et al., 2019). Adolescents often navigate complicated family environments that may shape their self-esteem, perception of body image, and eating habits (Levine & Murnen, 2019). Given the complexity of family dynamics—which includes parental views on weight, familial conflict, and the quality of parent-child interactions—there is a pressing need for a more in-depth understanding of how these factors influence adolescent health (Culbert et al., 2020). While previous research has shed some light on these relationships, there remains a gap in understanding the specific pathways through which family influences contribute to both the onset and persistence of eating disorders in teenagers. Hence, this study seeks to evaluate how family dynamics impact the development of eating disorders among adolescents. 1.3 Objective of the Study The general aim of this research is to explore how family dynamics contribute to the development of eating disorders in adolescents. The specific objectives are: i.To determine the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents. ii.To assess the effect of parenting styles on the emergence of eating disorders in adolescents. iii.To examine the relationship between family communication patterns and the presence of disordered eating behaviors in adolescents. iv.To propose practical recommendations for preventing eating disorders among adolescents. 1.4 Research Questions The study is guided by the following research questions: i.What is the prevalence of eating disorders among adolescents? ii.How do different parenting styles influence the development of eating disorders in adolescents? iii.Is there a link between family communication styles and disordered eating behaviors among adolescents? iv.What strategies can be recommended to help prevent eating disorders among adolescents? 1.5 Significance of the Study The outcomes of this research could inform the creation of public health policies and preventive programs targeting adolescent eating disorders. Findings may be used to develop educational campaigns that emphasize the importance of positive family dynamics and healthy body image. Additionally, the study will add value to the academic field by expanding existing literature, enriching library resources, and serving as a reference for future researchers interested in the topic. 1.6 Scope of the Study This study focuses on the role of family dynamics in the development of eating disorders among adolescents. Specifically, it will investigate the prevalence of eating disorders, assess how parenting styles influence these disorders, analyze the link between family communication and disordered eating behaviors, and offer recommendations for prevention. Geographically, the study will be limited to adolescents residing in Shomolu, Lagos State. 1.7 Limitations of the Study As with any research endeavor, this study faced several limitations: Time Constraints: The researcher had to manage academic responsibilities such as attending lectures alongside conducting this research, which limited the amount of time available for data collection and analysis. Financial Limitations: The research incurred costs related to printing, typesetting, sourcing materials, and conducting fieldwork, which posed a challenge given limited financial resources. Availability of Materials: Locating adequate and relevant literature on the subject posed difficulties due to limited existing studies focused specifically on the intersection of family dynamics and adolescent eating disorders. 1.8 Definition of Terms Eating Disorders: Psychological disorders marked by abnormal eating habits that negatively affect an individual's physical and mental well-being. Examples include anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. Adolescents: Young individuals typically between the ages of 10 and 19, characterized by significant physical, emotional, and social changes. This stage plays a critical role in shaping identity and health habits. Family Dynamics: Patterns of interaction, communication, and relationships within a family. These dynamics can significantly impact psychological development and behavior. Parenting Styles: The approach parents take in raising their children, including how they discipline, show affection, and set boundaries. Common styles include authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, and neglectful. Body Image: How individuals perceive and feel about their physical appearance. Body image is influenced by family, peers, media, and cultural norms and can be either positive or negative.