A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF VIOLENT VIDEO GAMES ON THE MENTAL HEALTH OF NIGERIAN YOUTH

CHAPTER ONE INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study Since their inception, video games have revolutionized the entertainment industry and have grown into one of the most popular recreational activities among youths globally, including in Nigeria. While video games offer numerous social and cognitive benefits, the emergence of violent-themed games has generated significant concern regarding their psychological impact. Violent video games — characterized by intense combat missions, aggressive themes, and graphic depictions of violence — have been associated with mental health challenges such as increased aggression, anxiety, and social withdrawal (American Psychological Association, 2023). These concerns have prompted ongoing debates about how much these games influence youth behavior and psychological well-being. Several studies have highlighted a correlation between violent video game exposure and the development of aggressive behaviors. Bushman and Anderson (2023) contend that repeated exposure to such violent scenarios may desensitize players to real-world violence, thereby reinforcing aggressive thought patterns and reducing empathetic responses. This issue is particularly relevant in Nigeria, where youths increasingly have access to advanced gaming consoles and smartphones. As video game use continues to rise, it becomes imperative for stakeholders such as educators, parents, and policymakers to understand the mental health implications of these games. However, not all findings point to adverse outcomes. Some research indicates that violent video games may serve as an emotional outlet, helping players manage stress and negative emotions. A study conducted by the United Nations Regional Information Centre (2023) found that 71% of gamers worldwide believe that gaming can alleviate feelings of loneliness and psychological distress. This dual perspective underscores the complex relationship between game content and mental health outcomes. In Nigeria, where mental health services remain underdeveloped, the psychological consequences of violent video gaming are often overlooked. Cultural attitudes, such as the stigmatization of mental health issues and a general lack of awareness, further compound the situation (World Health Organisation, 2023). Additionally, the absence of strict regulatory measures around game content means that minors are frequently exposed to violent games without adequate parental supervision. Studies have shown that parental involvement plays a crucial role in mitigating the negative effects of violent gaming. Effective monitoring and restrictions can significantly reduce the likelihood of mental health disorders associated with excessive gameplay (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2023). Nonetheless, socioeconomic barriers in Nigeria often limit the extent to which parents can supervise their children's gaming habits, leaving many youths vulnerable to prolonged and unregulated exposure. The growing popularity of online multiplayer games has also introduced new psychological risks, such as cyberbullying, gaming dependency, and social detachment. Interactions within toxic online gaming communities can further exacerbate mental health issues in young gamers (Kuss & Griffiths, 2023). Given these concerns, it is essential to investigate not only the psychological effects of violent gaming but also how various gaming environments shape youth behavior. Thus, this study seeks to explore the implications of violent video games on the mental health of Nigerian youth. 1.2 Statement of the Problem The increasing popularity of violent video games among Nigerian youths has sparked widespread concern about their potential psychological repercussions. While it is recognized that video games can offer cognitive and social benefits, extensive exposure to violent content has been linked to adverse psychological outcomes such as heightened aggression, emotional numbness, and diminished empathy and prosocial behavior (American Academy of Pediatrics, 2023). Violent gaming scenarios may condition players to develop hostile thought patterns and reduced emotional sensitivity. Despite these concerns, some research supports the notion that video games can have therapeutic effects, including stress relief and the enhancement of social bonds when played in moderation. For instance, a global survey cited by the United Nations Regional Information Centre (2023) revealed that over 70% of gamers reported reduced stress and decreased social isolation due to gaming. However, when gameplay becomes excessive or compulsive—a condition identified by the World Health Organization as “gaming disorder”—the potential benefits are often overshadowed by serious psychological and social challenges. In Nigeria, where mental health awareness is still developing, few empirical studies have examined the specific psychological impacts of violent video gaming on youth. This lack of localized data underscores the need to delve into how such gaming behaviors influence emotional well-being, including links to aggression, anxiety, and depressive symptoms. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the implications of violent video games on the mental health of Nigerian youths. 1.3 Objectives of the Study The general objective of this study is to investigate how violent video games affect the mental health of Nigerian youths. The specific objectives include: i. To assess how widespread the use of violent video games is among Nigerian youths. ii. To explore the psychological consequences of playing violent video games, particularly in relation to emotional regulation. iii. To evaluate the influence of violent gaming on aggressive tendencies and violent behavior among youths. iv. To identify coping strategies employed by youths experiencing mental health issues as a result of gaming. 1.4 Research Questions To guide this investigation, the following research questions have been formulated: i. How widespread is the use of violent video game among Nigerian youths? ii. What are the psychological effects of violent video games on the emotional regulation of Nigerian youths? iii. How does violent gaming influence aggression and violent behavior in youths? iv. What coping mechanisms do youths adopt when faced with mental health challenges related to gaming? 1.5 Significance of the Study The findings from this research will be vital for informing public policies and legislative frameworks aimed at regulating the content of video games in Nigeria. Policymakers could use the results to develop age-specific gaming guidelines, implement content rating systems, and promote the inclusion of parental control features on gaming platforms. This study will also be significant to the academic field by contributing to existing literature, enriching library collections, and serving as a foundational reference for future research on the topic. 1.6 Scope of the Study This study is focused on examining the effects of violent video games on the mental health of Nigerian youths. Specifically, it will analyze the frequency of violent game usage, the emotional and psychological impact on emotional regulation, the correlation with aggression and violent behavior, and the coping strategies youths use to address gaming-induced mental health issues. Geographically, the research will be limited to youths residing in Asaba, Delta State. 1.7 Limitations of the Study As with most academic endeavors, this study encountered several limitations. Time Constraints: Balancing research activities with other academic responsibilities, such as attending lectures and fulfilling coursework requirements, posed a challenge. Financial Limitations: The research process incurred significant financial costs, including expenses related to data collection, printing, typesetting, and acquiring relevant materials. Limited Access to Resources: Finding adequate literature and scholarly resources on this specific topic proved difficult, partly due to the emerging nature of the subject and limited studies within the Nigerian context. 1.8 Definition of Terms Violent Video Games: These refer to digital games that involve overt or implied acts of violence, aggression, or physical conflict, typically set in fantasy or simulated environments. Common elements include characters engaging in combat, shooting, or inflicting harm. Mental Health: This encompasses an individual's emotional, psychological, and social wellness. It affects how a person thinks, feels, interacts with others, handles stress, and makes decisions. In the context of this study, it includes conditions such as anxiety, depression, aggression, emotional instability, and social withdrawal linked to gaming. Aggression: This denotes intentional behavior aimed at causing physical or psychological harm. In violent gaming, aggression manifests as increased hostility or aggressive actions resulting from frequent exposure to violent content. Gaming Addiction: Also known as "gaming disorder," this refers to the compulsive and excessive use of video games, often at the expense of daily responsibilities, academic performance, and personal relationships. Symptoms may include preoccupation with gaming and difficulty controlling playtime. Parental Monitoring: The process by which parents or guardians oversee and regulate their children's activities, including gaming. It involves setting screen-time limits, selecting age-appropriate content, and monitoring the influence of gaming on behavior. Cyberbullying: The use of digital platforms, including online gaming, to intimidate, harass, or manipulate others. This may involve sending threatening messages, excluding players from games, or sharing harmful content, and it can contribute to psychological problems such as anxiety and depression. Social Isolation: A state characterized by minimal social interaction or relationships, which can lead to emotional and mental health challenges. Excessive gaming—particularly in violent online environments—can cause players to withdraw from real-life social engagement, resulting in loneliness and emotional distress.